首先，这在WPSE的范围内是非常边缘的
除了触发初始HTML输出的短代码之外，这实际上只是AJAX。

不管怎么说，就是这样做的：

PHP假定您提供的上述PHP代码段是功能性的，请将以下内容放入ajax调用的PHP文件中：

/wp-content/themes/%your_theme%/js/ajax-load-quote.php

 <?php
 /* uncomment the below, if you want to use native WP functions in this file */
// require_once(\'../../../../wp-load.php\');

 $array = file( $_POST[\'file_path\'] ); // file path in $_POST, as from the js
 $r = rand( 0, count($array) - 1 );

 return \'<p>\' . $array[$r] . \'</p>\';
 ?>

供将来参考，并使此答案对其他人有用：请注意wp-load.php 必须包含才能使用本机WordPress功能。最常见的情况可能是WP_Query 或$wpdb.

页面内容、小部件或模板文件中的HTML结构：

<div id="randomquotes">
    <p>I would rather have my ignorance than another man’s knowledge,
       because I have so much more of it.<br />
       -- Mark Twain, American author & Playwright</p>
</div>
<a id="newquote" class="button" href="#" title="Gimme a new one!">New Quote</a>

很明显，你可以根据自己的喜好进行调整，但为了这个例子，这就是我们要做的
我们稍后将通过一个短代码生成上述内容。

jQuery

/wp-content/themes/%your_theme%/js/ajax-load-quote.js

function ajaxQuote() {
    var theQuote = jQuery.ajax({
        type: \'POST\',
        url: ajaxParams.themeURI+\'js/ajax-load-quote.php\',
        /* supplying the file path to the ajax loaded php as a $_POST variable */
        data: { file_path: ajaxParams.filePath },
        beforeSend: function() {
            ajaxLoadingScreen(true,\'#randomquotes\');
        },
        success: function(data) {
            jQuery(\'#randomquotes\').find(\'p\').remove();
            jQuery(\'#randomquotes\').prepend(data);
        },
        complete: function() {
            ajaxLoadingScreen(false,\'#randomquotes\');
        }
    });
    return theQuote;
}
/* Loading screen to be displayed during the process, optional */
function ajaxLoadingScreen(switchOn,element) {
    /* show loading screen */
    if (switchOn) {
        jQuery(\'\'+element).css({
            \'position\': \'relative\'
        });
        var appendHTML = \'<div class="ajax-loading-screen appended">
            <img src="\'+ajaxParams.themeURI+\'images/ajax-loader.gif"
                alt="Loading ..." width="16" height="16" /></div>\';
        if( jQuery(\'\'+element).children(\'.ajax-loading-screen\').length === 0 ) {
            jQuery(\'\'+element).append(appendHTML);
        }
        jQuery(\'\'+element).children(\'.ajax-loading-screen\').first().css({
            \'display\': \'block\',
            \'visibility\': \'visible\',
            \'filter\': \'alpha(opacity=100)\',
            \'-ms-filter\': \'"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=100)"\',
            \'opacity\': \'1\'
        });
    } else {
        /* hide the loading screen */
        jQuery(\'\'+element).children(\'.ajax-loading-screen\').css({
            \'display\': \'\',
            \'visibility\': \'\',
            \'filter\': \'\',
            \'-ms-filter\': \'\',
            \'opacity\': \'\'
        });
        jQuery(\'\'+element).css({
            \'position\': \'\'
        });
    }
}
/* triggering the above via the click event */
jQuery(\'#newquotes\').click( function() {
    var theQuote = ajaxQuote();
    return false;
});

function random_quote( $atts ) {
    /* extracts the value of shortcode argument path */
    extract( shortcode_atts( array(
        \'path\' => get_template_directory_uri() . \'/quotes.txt\' // default, if not set
    ), $atts ) );
    $array = file( $path );
    $r = rand( 0, count($array) - 1 );
    $output = \'<div id="randomquotes">\' .
            \'<p>\' . $array[$r] . \'</p>\' .
        \'</div>\' .
        \'<a id="newquote" class="button" href="#" title="Gimme a new one!">New Quote</a>\';
    /* enqueue the below registered script, if needed */
    wp_enqueue_script( \'ajax-quote\' );
    /* supplying the file path to the script */
    wp_localize_script(
        \'ajax-quote\',
        \'ajaxParams\',
        array(
            \'filePath\' => $path,
            \'themeURI\' => get_template_directory_uri() . \'/\'
        )
    );
    return $output;
}
add_shortcode( \'randomquotes\', \'random_quote\');
/* register the js */
function wpse72974_load_scripts() {
    if ( ! is_admin() ) {
        wp_register_script(
           \'ajax-quote\', 
            get_template_directory_uri() . \'/js/ajax-load-quote.js\',
            array( \'jquery\' ),
            \'1.0\',
            true
        );
    }
}
add_action ( \'init\', \'wpse72974_load_scripts\' );

.ajax-loading-screen {
    display: none;
    visibility: hidden;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background: #ffffff; /* the background of your site or the container of the quote */
    filter: alpha(opacity=0);
    -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
    opacity: 0;
    -webkit-transition:  opacity .1s;
    -moz-transition:  opacity .1s;
    -ms-transition:  opacity .1s;
    -o-transition: opacity .1s;
    transition: opacity .1s;
    z-index: 9999;
}
.ajax-loading-screen img {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    margin: -8px 0 0 -8px;
}