您可以使用post__not_in 使用get_the_ID 在这种情况下，您的代码应该如下所示：

                $args = array(
                            \'post_type\'     => \'custom_post_type\',
                            \'tax_query\'     => array(
                                array(
                                    \'taxonomy\'  => \'custom_taxo\',
                                    \'field\'     => \'term_id\',
                                    \'terms\'      => array(1,2,5),
                                    \'operator\'  => \'IN\'
                                )
                            ),
                        \'post__not_in\' => array (get_the_ID()), 

                    );

                $query = new WP_Query( $args );