您可以使用“category\\uu not\\u in”数组参数。另外，我对您的代码做了一些修改，您应该使用wordpress最佳实践，即“if->while”来显示帖子。请尝试下面的代码，因为我还没有测试它。

<?php
// Default arguments
$args = array(
    \'posts_per_page\'    => 6, // How many items to display
    \'post__not_in\'      => array( get_the_ID() ), // Exclude current post
    \'no_found_rows\'     => true, // We don\'t ned pagination so this speeds up the query
    \'orderby\'           => \'rand\',
    \'category__not_in\'  => array( 1 )

);

// Check for current post category and add tax_query to the query arguments
$cats = wp_get_post_terms( get_the_ID(), \'category\' ); 
$cats_ids = array();  
foreach( $cats as $wpex_related_cat ) {
    $cats_ids[] = $wpex_related_cat->term_id; 
}
if ( ! empty( $cats_ids ) ) {
    $args[\'category__in\'] = $cats_ids;
}

// Query posts
$wpex_query = new WP_Query( $args );

// Loop through posts
if( $wpex_query->have_posts() ) :
while( $wpex_query->have_posts() ) : $wpex_query->the_post(); ?>

<div class="weitere_interessante_artikel_container">
<div class="weitere-artikel-pic-wrapper">
<a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail(\'middle\');?></a>
</div>
<div class="text_container">
<a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>"><span><?php echo str_replace(\':\', \':</span>\', get_the_title()); ?></a>
</div>
</div>


<?php
// End loop
endwhile;

// Reset post data
wp_reset_postdata(); 

endif; ?>